O ensino de conceitos termodinâmicos por meio da experimentação em sala de aula

Abstract

This paper describes an activity developed in a 2nd year high school class at CEJA - Filostro Machado Carneiro, in the city of Caldas Novas, Goiás. The main purpose of this work was, through experimentation, to verify the understanding of the physical concepts related to Thermodynamics from a historical perspective. Although the initial proposal, prepared in 2019, provided for a fully face-to-face intervention process, the need for social distancing arising from the Covid-19 virus pandemic, which began in 2020, required a series of adjustments. From there, activities were developed remotely, using tools such as Google Meet, Google Forms and Google Classroom. To ensure participation, students were also able to use the laboratory and other resources in the school space, however, without the teacher's face-to-face monitoring, who can only return to the establishment in 2021. The work was divided into three pedagogical moments: presentation of the proposal, identification of students' spontaneous conceptions and execution of experiments. These pedagogical moments were intended to make Science Teaching, especially Physics, more attractive, avoiding the mechanization of teaching. For this proposal, four experiments were chosen: the Galileo Thermoscope, the Steam Boat (Pop-Pop Boat), Thermal Machine and the Calorimeter. All experiments were carried out with easily accessible materials, in order to facilitate their preparation. The activities carried out encouraged the participation of students in all stages, with satisfactory results being obtained in terms of students' understanding of the concepts of Thermodynamics. In general, Thermodynamics is naturally treated as complex and inaccessible content.