Simetrias na natureza e leis de conservação na física: abordagem relevante e significativa para o 9º ano do ensino fundamental

Abstract

In the beginnings of current Western civilization, in ancient Greece, we have associated the notions of beauty and harmony with the concept of symmetry, but it is important to realize that mathematical equations and the laws of nature can also present a characteristic of symmetry in relation to certain transformations of quantities. physical. This research presents a study on Symmetry in Nature and Conservation Laws in Physics, with relevant and significant approaches for the last year of elementary school, made through a didactic transposition, generating a significant educational product composed of four explanatory instructional videos and a didactic sequence, already aligned with both the general and specific competences of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), as well as the skills requested by our Curriculum Document for Goiás (DC-GO). The objective of this work was to present the historical context regarding the concept of symmetry, highlighting the important and significant contributions of Évariste Galois and Amalie Emily Nöther; the types of observable symmetries; the relationship between symmetry and certain transformations that lead to the invariances of the objects of study of Physics; and, also, to offer an educational product that offers, to the Science or Mathematics teacher in the 9th year of Elementary School, a work proposal that addresses Symmetry and Conservation Laws in Physics. This is a bibliographical research, using a qualitative methodology, of an applied nature, with a descriptive and exploratory objective, and the educational product produced was supported by the theory of critical significant learning. The application of the educational product occurred in a face-to-face manner, although it took place in times of pandemic COVID-19. The observations made, together with the data obtained by the questionnaires, demonstrate the acceptance of the students and teachers regarding the methodologies used and, also, confirmed that there was, in fact, learning. From the study undertaken, it was found that the proposed activities proved to be very effective, both in terms of achieving the desired objectives and in their ability to provide interactions between students, either individually or in groups. It can still be seen that many teachers will use this material, either in their educational practices or even to improve themselves.