O Lyceu de Goyaz no império: políticas de gastos com o ensino secundário (1848-1886)

Abstract

This study, developed in a partnership with the Post-Graduation Program in Education of Catalão’s Federal University (in implantation), and linked to the fields of Educational Policies, History of Education, and (Auto)Biographical Research has as its subject of study Lyceu de Goyaz and the resources that had been used in its keeping. Its main goals are to understand Lyceu de Goyaz in its financial aspect, to build an analysis regarding the provenance of budgetary expenses responsible for its maintenance from 1848 to 1886, therefore, to analyze the spending policies adopted by the “Província de Goyaz” and to comprehend the existing implications regarding the institution and its financiers. In the field of History of Education, the following question had been brought up: what is the origin and the ending of the resources responsible for the maintenance of Lyceu de Goyaz between 1848 and 1886? The time period has been defined respecting the availability of the sources, and also considering the start of activity at Lyceu. Among the authors used, we highlight: Genesco Bretas; Nars Chaul; Fernanda Barros; Maria de Lourdes Mariotto Haidar; Luís Palacín; Maria Augusta de Sant’Anna Moraes; among others. The documental research oriented the process of looking for sources has been ocurring since 2018. Found in archives in the City of Goiás, the following: “Lyceu de Goiás”, and “Museu das Bandeiras”; Arquivo Histórico Estadual de Goiás; virtual files: collection of the Deputy Chamber of Brazil, editions of “Livro da Lei Goyana”, and of the Collection of “Livro da Lei Goyana” and of “Leis da Provincia de Goyaz” on the website of “Secretaria de Estado da Casa Civil do Governo do Estado de Goiás”; Annals of the Senate; Hemeroteca Nacional Digital. The “Memórias Goianas” collection has also been used. Among the documental sources, there are: proceedings, registration forms, finance books, Goiás’s and Brazil’s legislation, government reports, journalistic and official journals. The physical and digital documents have been catalogued and sorted out in folders. The results present a complex perspective of the financing of Brazil’s secondary education. The “Colégio de Pedro II”, created to be a model of national reach, faced several financial issues. The institute had been having several budgetary complications, putting attention to the effectivity of the work of the administrative triad, composed by the Dean, the vice-Dean, and the Treasurer. In Goiás, the lack of money in public vaults made the well development of education unfeasible, issue that was aggravated by the abolition, in 1842, of the money sent by the Imperial Government via budgetary biennial laws. Even with all said conditions, the public vaults were the main keepers of Lyceu de Goyaz, however, the amount of money directed to the establishment was barely enough to cover for the payment of the employees. Aside from the fixed amount provided by the government, Lyceu also received donations from locals, especially books. Due to the unavailability of budget, and also the lack of qualified teachers, some people taught for free at Lyceu, which indicates that the institution also relied on volunteers to aid them. The fixation of enrollment taxes was the main strategy adopted in order to raise funds, but with the shortage of students, the amount gathered was hardly significant.