Constituição do gestor escolar: de professor da educação básica a gestor escolar

Abstract

The management of education in Brazil has gone through various historical moments until it reached the present day, where the aim is to achieve democratic management. This scenario requires managers to have training that contributes to the development of their activities, but most of them do not have specific training for this task. Based on the above, this research aims to problematize: how do school managers in the southeastern region of the state of Goiás enter and work? The general objective is to analyze the entry and performance of school managers in the southeastern region of the state of Goiás. And, the specific objectives: to analyze the school management policies of the state of Goiás; to investigate the entry of school managers from municipalities in the southeast region of the state of Goiás; to understand the performance of school managers from municipalities in the southeast region of the state of Goiás. The study was based on qualitative research involving four schools in the southeastern region of the state of Goiás, where semi-structured interviews were conducted with the principals of these institutions. To analyze the research data, we used Content Analysis, based on the studies of Bardin (2006). The research's theoretical framework was based on a look at school management by authors such as Frigotto (1989), Lück (2000; 2009; 2013), Dourado (2001), Libâneo (2005), Paro, (2008; 2012), Saviani (2011), Marques (2012); Franco (2017), Paschoalino (2017; 2018), Amaral (2018; 2020), Gonçalves, (2019), Amaral and Castro (2019), among others. From the analysis of the interviews with the four managers, it was possible to observe that in addition to their initial training in Pedagogy (two managers), Physical Education (one manager) and Languages (one manager), they sought continuous improvement, either through postgraduate or master's degrees. It was noted that most of them were elected to their positions and have been managers for a long period of time. The experiences reported by school managers highlight the diversity of professional paths that can lead to educational leadership, underlining the wealth of perspectives and skills that each manager brings to their role. Therefore, they have already experienced a number of challenges, mainly the relationship with the students' families and issues related to their daily lives, as well as aspects related to school infrastructure. They also point to various motivations for continuing in the role, such as the desire to have a positive impact on students' lives, promote quality education and contribute to the development of the school community. As for the results, we can see that the research has contributed to understanding the different trajectories of managers, the relevance of initial and continuing training for the work of these professionals, as well as the importance of elections to choose managers as a way of consolidating aspects of democratic management in the state of Goiás.