O presenteísmo e a cultura organizacional de um sistema de cooperativa de saúde

Abstract

The importance of work in people's lives leads to the permanent need to promote health and quality of life at work, with a commitment to strengthening self-esteem, the feeling of security, belonging, self- fulfillment, dignity, healthy physical conditions in an environment that meets their biopsychosocial needs. The objective of the present study was to analyze the occurrence of presenteeism and the contribution of organizational, occupational and social culture in its occurrence in workers of the multidisciplinary team of a health cooperative system. This is a cross-sectional study, approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Human of the Federal University of Catalão (protocol 5.886.503), with 78 employees of a health plan cooperative. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic and occupational variables. The organizational culture was assessed using the Brazilian Instrument for the Assessment of Organizational Culture (IBACO) and the degree of interference of health problems in the ability to perform work tasks and productivity was assessed using the research instrument Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 25.0. Data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations, and categorical ones as absolute and relative frequencies. Student's t test for independent samples was used to compare the organizational culture in the perception of workers according to gender and also to compare the WLQ means between categorical variables. Pearson's correlation was performed to verify the association between WLQ scores and the IBACO factor and also to verify the association between WLQ and continuous variables. Finally, to estimate the factors associated with job satisfaction, a linear regression analysis was performed. The average age of professionals was 33.0±10.0 years, most were female (76.9%) and 48.7% of participants had completed higher education. Assistants and analysts equally represented 29.5% of the participants. “Promotion of interpersonal relationships” had the lowest average (2.90±0.93), while the factor “Competitive and individualistic professionalism” had the highest average (3.91±0.89). When analyzing the IBACO scores according to gender and performance level, no significant differences were observed. Only the “Physical Demand” domain of the WLQ showed positive and weak correlations for almost all the IBACO domains. It was observed that male individuals find it easier to manage time while people who have relationship problems have greater difficulty. In addition, individuals who have children have greater ability to manage “Interpersonal Demand” and “Production Demand”. It is concluded that characteristics of presenteeism were observed in female individuals, who had relationship problems and who did not have children. According to the workers of the analyzed health plan cooperative, it obtained median performance in all dimensions of IBACO. Furthermore, correlations were found between the organizational culture and the physical demand of the volunteers; however, despite being positive, the observed associations were weak. Thus, the results of this study prove the presence of presentism in the company, in addition to the workers' view of the organizational culture.