Literatura e ensino de História: racismo e cidadania no contexto de sala de aula
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Data
2020-04-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The Teaching of History in Brazil is a research field established starting the efforts of
researchers concerned, among others, with the space of languages in the classroom,
especially traditional ones, such as literature. Thus, the present work aims to analyze the
presence of the concepts of racism and citizenship, in the teaching of History, problematizing
them through and from literature. For that, we chose as primary sources the novels O Mulato
(1881) and O Cortiço (1889), works by the Brazilian writer Aluísio Tancredo Gonçalves de
Azevedo. From this choice, we built a methodology that uses the works as a source of
discussions around and from the problematization of the concepts of racism and citizenship in
the history discipline, in Basic Education. The research draws on other literary works, both
period and contemporary, such as the Germinal novels, A Mulata, Úrsula, XIX century novels,
and, Um defeito de cor, O racismo explicado aos meus filhos, contemporary works. The work
methodology was also based on the approximation of theoretical aspects located in the field of
historiography and History Teaching. The results achieved allow to indicate that literary art,
represented in Aluísio Azevedo, is a fruitful path for didactic-pedagogical proposals interested
in addressing the concepts of racism and citizenship in the history discipline and in relation to
the social and political formation of Brazil in the context of the analyzed sources , the 19th
century. For their historical value, O Mulato e O Cortiço means, for the teaching of History,
the opportunity to problematize racism and citizenship in the context of the historical
formation of Brazilian society. O Mulato allows, above all, to discuss the place of the black in
the slave society and how this is related to the formation of racial prejudice in Brazil, based on
the historicity of racism. Likewise, O Cortiço allows critical analyzes about the construction of
citizenship in Brazil, something that can be done from the perspective of slavery, the life of
popular workers and the tenement as a popular housing at the end of the 19th century. The
issue of rights in the history discipline. For the classroom, this research indicates the
possibility of thinking about racism and citizenship in their historicity regimes, and the history
teacher can promote dialogues with aspects of the configuration of concepts in contemporary
times. This reflection helps in the construction of meanings for historical knowledge in the
classroom, as it takes into consideration the present and past relationship, in view of the
observation of current issues, in which the student is inserted, and in relation to racism and
citizenship.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino de História, Literatura, Racismo, Cidadania, Ensino aprendizagem, History teaching, Literature, Racism, Citizenship, Teaching learning
Citação
ROCHA, João Pedro P. Literatura e ensino de História: racismo e cidadania no contexto de sala de aula. 2020. 128 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Catalão, 2020.