Soja no sudeste goiano: logística e produtividade

Abstract

The expansion of the soy production chain contributes to agribusiness and, consequently, to the growth and development of Brazilian municipalities, especially the Southeast Region of Goiás. This study seeks to answer the following question: how are logistical factors related to soybean productivity in Southeast Goiás? To answer this question, the following objectives were outlined: characterize, analyze and discuss logistical factors, which may be related to soybean productivity in Southeast Goiás. The proposed method was applied research with a descriptive qualitative approach, through the characterization and description of factors related to productivity and transport and storage logistics of the soybean production chain, delimited in the period from 2008 to 2023. Data collection was gave through secondary sources, obtained from electronic portals; CONAB; CNT; IBGE; IMB; MAP; USDA; and USP/ESALQ, which were analyzed using the comparative method, in a descriptive way, with data comparisons over the years, between the planning regions and municipalities of the State of Goiás. The results demonstrated that Southeast Goiás is characterized by 22 municipalities that have a maximum of 114 thousand inhabitants, have a high level of human development and considerable levels of economic performance, such as the production of the soybean commodity, with approximately 2,210,000 tons, in an area close to 580,000 hectares, and an approximate yield of 3.8 tons per hectare. This productivity is close to the average soybean productivity in Brazil. The results highlighted bottlenecks in the logistical storage infrastructure, as the static storage capacity of 2,223,341 tons does not keep up with the pace of soybean production, with an average annual growth rate of 6.2%. In road transport logistics, grain losses represented over 40% of total losses. In “off-farm storage” activities, between 20% and 30% of total losses occur, which can interfere with production volume and productivity. Furthermore, it was evident that the smallest grain losses occur in the railway mode and the largest losses occur in the road mode. For new studies, qualitative and quantitative exploration is suggested in relation to productivity, logistics and other factors, which give dynamics to the production chain of the soybean complex, in municipalities and planning regions of the State of Goiás with production potential and productivity of soybeans, which do not yet have scientific studies with these characteristics. With this study, it was possible to answer the guiding question, through the characterization of the Southeast Goiana Region, by human development and economic performance due to soybean productivity, which reflect the need for improvements in logistics infrastructure, mainly storage and transportation of the soybean commodity.