Análise químico-biológica na área da bacia hidrográfica do rio São Bento (GO)

Abstract

The quality of water in river basins has been a constant concern for organized civil society and public authorities, researchers and users of this essential resource for maintaining life and conserving the balance of biodiversity. In this sense, monitoring water in these areas becomes imperative in order to diagnose the elements present in the environment, considering the influence of seasonality and agricultural practices developed, drawing a parallel over the years to understand their variations and propose prevention measures, containment or bioremediation. Thus, this study proposed to analyze the physical, chemical and biological aspects of water from the São Bento River Basin, located in the municipalities of Catalão and Davinópolis, both in the State of Goiás, through collections of fresh water samples carried out in four collection campaigns at seven points distributed in the Basin area, from upstream to downstream, considering the four seasons of the year, making it possible to obtain results from analyzes using the methodology of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2017), the presence of compounds used in agriculture and livestock (2,4-D, Malathion, Glyphosate + AMPA, Carbofuran, Organochlorine and Organophosphate Compounds), metals (Iron and Aluminum) and biological elements (Escherichia Coli, Thermotolerant Coliforms and Total Coliforms) . With the data in hand, a comparative study was carried out between the results obtained in the periods, also drawing a parallel with studies developed by other authors in the same region. Some results were significant, such as the concentrations of Escherichia Coli and Coliforms, mainly during the dry period – October and December, suggesting possible contamination by human sewage. In short, these results highlight the importance of adopting environmental monitoring, conservation and management measures, with a view to guaranteeing water quality in terms of potability in the São Bento River Basin, Southeast of Goiás, and, consequently, maintaining the biodiversity in the region.