Influência do el niño na dinâmica da precipitação em Catalão (GO)

Abstract

El Niño and La Niña are atmospheric phenomena characterized by changes in ocean water temperatures, generating several consequences in terms of climate. They cause substantial climate changes throughout the world, especially in the intertropical belt of the planet, the geographic location where Brazil is located. Therefore, these phenomena directly impact the climate conditions present in Brazil, mainly in terms of temperature and precipitation. This study researches and analyzes the influence of El Niño, during the years 1961 to 2023. Evaluating the time series from 1961 to 2023 from precipitation data, presenting the years that recorded the lowest values; and relating the El Niño phase from reports that show the impacts caused by climate extremes. This is a quantitative study, with a bibliographic review, which allowed collecting climatological data from the historical precipitation series of the INMET conventional station, specifically in the Catalão region (GO). From this data, it was possible to use statistical techniques to provide information and analysis. The climatological data were collected from the INMET Meteorological Database, which were compiled and organized in a tabular file developed by Excel software. The values recorded by extreme weather events were represented in the form of graphs, giving greater emphasis to the El Niño climate factor and the consequences of the event's occurrence. It was concluded that the city of Catalão has increasingly increased the intensity of anomalies, especially during El Niño periods. According to the data presented in the graphs, 2023 was a year that marked high temperatures.