Desenvolvimento de briquetes aplicados ao manejo da fertilidade de solos e da nutrição de plantas

Abstract

Alto Paranaíba is a region of great national prominence in the production of beef and dairy cattle, being historically extensive, but today experiencing rapid growth in the intensification of the activity. However, confinement requires a large production of good quality, palatable and genetically developed roughage, especially corn silage. The present work sought to develop a new fertilizer using the fines briquetting method, with the ability to slowly release nutrients capable of generating greater efficiency in the use of fertilizers combined with production gains. The work was carried out in 4 stages, the 1st focused on choosing the best binder based on 3 criteria: number of drops from 1.2 m greater than 75, solubility in water at 25 oC greater than 8 hours and lower cost per gram, being the xanthan gum is one that presents these characteristics together. The 2nd stage was assembled in 2 phases, the first consisting of a mixture planning within a rotational DCCR with 6 variables (limestone mass, xanthan gum mass, castor pie mass, solid fertilizer mass, liquid fertilizer volume and compression levels) at 5 levels each in a total of 46 experiments. The 2nd phase was the optimization of the first in a total of 9 experiments, with 3 organomineral fertilizers of agricultural interest being found at the end. The 3rd stage was the planting of corn for silage in polyethylene pots, demonstrating that the treatments that had the lowest amount of lime presented better results. The 4th stage was planting in the field using briquetted organomineral fertilizer, demonstrating great advantages in its application. The results demonstrated that the briquette composed of castor cake at a dosage of 50% of fertilizers calculated for the crop, produced 74.2 ton.ha-1 of wet mass against 53.2 ton.ha-1 of conventional treatment with 100% of the dosage of fertilizers. Considering the gains with the reduction in the dosage of fertilizers and productivity the briquette produced, a profit of R$ 1,056.00 ha-1 with numerous expected advantages, such as the increase in soil organic matter over time, improvement of soil biota, increase in fertility and soil loads.