Suicídio como questão: estratégias de enfrentamento em um município de pequeno porte do centro oeste do Brasil

Abstract

The present study seeks to investigate the multidimensional factors that involve the increase in the rate of suicidal behavior and suicide in a small town in the interior of the state of Goiás, from the year 2020. With the objective of developing public management strategies that corroborate for the execution of multidisciplinary and intersectoral work to promote mental health and prevent suicidal behavior in the city. For that, the research was developed through the elaboration of three articles. The first and second articles refer to narrative review productions, so that one discusses current health practices for suicide prevention in Brazil, through which an attempt was made to understand the reality of the national territory; and the second discusses the role of the state in the construction and implementation of a public policy for suicide prevention in Brazil, identifying strengths and weaknesses that supported the comparison of collected data. In such a way, the third article corresponds to the presentation of the results of the applied research, which contemplates the possibility of implementing the National Policy for the Prevention of Self-Mutilation and Suicide and the ability to expand management practices to enable the development of public policies for the mental health promotion and suicide prevention in the selected territory. To achieve this objective, action research was used as a methodological resource, with the development of collective reflection circles based on the Paideia method. Along the way, the weaknesses and potential existing for this purpose were outlined, highlighting among the difficulties the existence of taboos and stigmas related to the theme of suicide, professional unpreparedness for interventions in these demands, disregard of social determinants as influential in aspects of mental health, the lack of public investment, the supremacy of the neoliberal context under the logic of mental health care and social promotion. Among the positive aspects for the implementation of a suicide prevention policy, the functionality of primary health care services and basic and special social protection stands out. It is concluded that management guidelines are relevant to ensure the improvement of the quality of work, with appreciation of professionals, adequacy of the amount of necessary manpower, allowing the hiring of at least one psychiatrist and a mental health coordinator; continuing education actions and mental health care services for professionals.