Modelo pedagógico de simulações de radiação eletromagnética aplicado ao ensino médio

Abstract

This dissertation is the result of the educational product “Pedagogical Model of Electromagnetic Radiation Simulations Applied to High School Education,” implemented with a class of thirdyear high school students at the Colégio Estadual Normal Professor César Augusto Ceva in the municipality of Ipameri – GO. The pedagogical model is inspired by two educational processes: one is a dialogical relationship, and the other involves the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to understand the nature of electromagnetism. In this perspective, we developed a critical didactic sequence through formal simulations as illustrative and provocative tools, encouraging students to engage in critical thinking and even use prior knowledge to construct or solidify already established knowledge. The general objective is to understand a complex and abstract topic such as electromagnetism and how this can generate cognitive maturity and closer interaction with ICTs in the pursuit of knowledge. The goal also includes analyzing how ideas from the theoretical-experimental world can and should converge with the results of the simulations carried out in this work. We aim to understand how electric and magnetic fields emerge, how they are related, address the ideas of the duality of light from a more historical perspective, and explore the experiments that ended the debate on this topic. The simulations used as tools for illustration and provocation are available on the website oPhysics: Interactive Physics Simulations (OPHYSICS, 2022). They were utilized to aid in the learning and understanding of a topic that is quite complex and requires significant abstraction. This approach facilitated linking the topic being studied to the everyday lives of the students, enabling them to understand the theory and relate it to practical, real-world applications. The exercises worked on in the classroom were derived from the simulations themselves, creating a connection between the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. As the results converged, this helped reduce the abstract nature of the topic and provided a physical sense to what was being presented.