Aprendizagem baseada em problemas e o uso de simulações computacionais no ensino de física: uma aplicação do efeito fotoelétrico em placas fotovoltaicas

Abstract

The objective of this work is to present a didactic sequence using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) as a teaching and learning methodology for the photoelectric effect content. Initially we used computer simulation to explain the effect to the students and allow them to visualize the phenomenon. After, starting from the problem of generation and distribution of electric energy, we propose to them that they elaborate a project of photovoltaic panels for a certain residence. We know that the generation and transmission of electricity is an expensive process and the price of this item directly affects the lives of Brazilian families. Looking for ways to alleviate this problem is extremely relevant. This project was applied in a class of the 1st year of high school in a subject that serves the new high school. The application took place in person during the Covid-19 pandemic period. Initially we thought of applying it in a public school with students from the 3rd year of high school, but due to the lack of school structure we had to change the class and the school. It was noted that teacher support is necessary for the use of the computer in handling the simulation and the performance of the groups according to the PBL methodology was satisfactory in solving the problems faced and presented relevant data for the project. The projects presented by the students show how much they committed and innovated in the search for solutions. PBL is a teaching method that places the student at the center of the learning process and takes concepts seen in the classroom into the reality of the student. Although its performance is still incipient, it is quite promising and could bring great gains for the teacher and the student.