Cartografias discursivas: a constituição de um dispositivo de abandono paterno

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation is to map the apparatus of paternal abandonment using the interview method developed in the light of Foucauldian Discursive Studies. As such, in this discussion we understand that paternal abandonment is not only configured as the lack of the father's name on the respective identification documents, but extends throughout the development of the child, thus generating relationships that produce the subjectivity of what we call the abandoned subject. In order to map the apparatus of paternal abandonment, we relied on the writings of Michel Foucault, with an emphasis on his archegenealogy. As constitutive elements of the research corpus, we analyzed the main documents which deal with the recognition of paternity in Brazil, such as the Código Civil from 1916, the Constituição Federal from 1988, Law 8.560 from 1992 and the Programa Pai Presente from the Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). We also analyzed utterances taken from eight interviews conducted with solo mothers and abandoned children in the second semester of 2023. The utterances taken from the interviews and official documents will be organized into enunciative series to guide the analysis. In this study, we firstly discuss the constitution of the paternal abandonment apparatus, a chapter in which we problematize the constitutive elements of this apparatus and the relationships woven with other apparatuses. Subsequently, we analyze the functioning of the apparatus under study through the strategies created by the legal apparatus through the aforementioned laws. Finally, we will present the process of preparing, developing and analyzing the interviews, in order to provide a basis for the cartographic practice of discourse. As a result of this research, it can be seen that paternal abandonment is understood as an apparatus in full operation, which establishes a relationship with other apparatuses such as patriarchy and maternity, acting in the production of the subjectivity of abandoned subjects.