Discurso, mídia jornalística e relações de poder: formas de enunciar sobre os adolescentes vítimas de incêndio

Abstract

This research aims to understand the journalistic speeches produced about two fires and their victims, ten teenagers in each case, the first at the Detention Center in Goiânia (2018) and the second at the Flamengo Football Training Center (Ninho do Urubu), in Rio de Janeiro (2019). These are two different events, which have received different media approaches, as they involve, on the one hand, “young offenders” and, on the other, “promises of football”. The focus falls, with more emphasis, on the first case, and the Rio de Janeiro episode will be triggered to understand and reinforce how the social positions of the subjects (delinquent versus soccer player) interfere in the way the media and certain social segments deal with subjects in conflict with the law. The corpus of analysis consists of ten reports related to the first fire and one about the second fire, and through them, we seek to understand the discursive functioning of different media and to analyze the production and circulation of the statements of journalistic articles, whose speeches sometimes blame the victims, preserve institutions and reinforce state racism, sometimes humanize the dead, pointing out flaws in public security policies, etc. The theoretical foundation is Discourse Analysis – as a support for a descriptive-interpretative and analytical methodology –, above all, Foucault's notions of utterance, discourse, discursive event, power, biopolitics, which are articulated with reflections on media, necropolitics and silence. The thesis is structured in four chapters: in the first, an introduction to the corpus is made, a presentation of the analysis of the titles and subtitles of the selected journalistic articles and of the subjects summoned to speak about the case; in the second, the look is deepened, with the description of statements that are evident in news from traditional journalism, and the observation of what is repeated and what is silenced in each of them; in the third, reports are analyzed that narrate the events from the perspective of the victims' relatives and emphasized how this reformulates the discourse about the event; in the fourth chapter, it is analyzed how different subjects are spoken by these information channels, and how the position they occupy in social formation interferes in the statements and speeches formulated about them. Through this process of discursive analysis, a reflection is reached on what is mobilized by the speeches for the construction of news and how the relations of knowledge-power demarcate places of subject, in supporting data, blaming them, and, in others, humanizing them.