A categoria do espaço: uma análise em estudos literários dos séculos XIX e XX

Abstract

This work aims to discuss the space within literary narratives, after all, since ancient times there have been records of studies on literary works, even before the 20th century, when the Theory of Literature was consolidated, that is, the period in which this discipline was still was not consolidated. Therefore, in this work it was necessary to make a temporal cut on the topic and it is important to highlight that it addresses a period that we call “pre-history” of the Theory of Literature, which was chosen since it has many works with interesting and different categories of space that can contribute to the analyzes of this text. It is necessary to analyze the contribution of preliminary studies clearly and objectively to the Theory of Literature discipline for a better understanding and applicability of the concepts in the area. To this end, this work's main objective is to outline the historical path of the concept of space in studies on literature prior to the development of TL which, still in its beginnings under other denominations, dedicated preliminary studies to the space category, but at a superficial level. With this, it is necessary to understand whether there was indeed a lack of greater treatment of the literary space or whether this category was studied, but there was a forgetfulness or even discredit on the part of theorists. To this end, the present work intends to verify works of literary criticism to question the fact that the space category has been less explored than all other characteristics of the narratives and, furthermore, what are the impacts generated by these gaps left by this lack visibility, since the study and concern with literary space was present in several theoretical and critical texts. Several texts were selected that will be used throughout the work, which is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with James' work published in 1884, “The art of fiction” and authors such as Genette (2013), Borges Filho (2016) and Lukács (2011) guide the theoretical analysis of the text. In the second chapter, the work analyzed was that of Lubbock, 1880 and Hamon (1993) will also be used as a guide for the analysis. The third chapter was “Aspects of Romance” (1927) by Forster, and Bourneuf (2016) guided the analyses. In the penultimate chapter, Muir will be analyzed in “The structure of the novel”, 1928 and Todorov (2016) will be a guide for a better fluidity of the analysis. In the last chapter, the analysis will be carried out in Kenneth Burke in “The theory of literary form” and authors such as Amora (2013) provide theoretical support; so that the perception of spatial citations is complete and that this work can achieve its objective: show that space was already present in literary works since the 19th century and its importance within literature. As a result, archeology was presented; with the meaning proposed by Foucault (2001), that of recovering the origin of concepts and the ways in which they are constructed, the history of knowledge and the evolution of the term and the concept of space within literary theory throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.