Literatura e direitos humanos: uma análise da interdiscursividade jurídico-humanitária em O último dia de um condenado e Os miseráveis, de Victor Hugo

Abstract

The present study was developed from the viewpoint of French Discourse Analysis with inscription in the theoretical postulates of Michel Pêcheux (1997), (2008), (1999), (2011), (2014), in addition to the theoretical formulations of Orlandi (2001), (2007), (2015), (2017). For this purpose, questions concerning subjects, author-position, discursive formation, ideological formation, imaginary formation were addressed. I also sought in Fernandes (2017) the conceptualization of legal discourse. Furthermore, I proposed to walk through two important historical documents in the history of the defense of rights: The United States of America Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen from the perspective of West (2017), Hunt (2012), Ford (1982), Gonzaga (2004). I sought in Santos (2004) the methodological support for the construction of the discursive matrices from where would emerge the effects of meanings about the legal-humanitarian interdiscursivity in The Last Day of a Condemned Man and Les Miserables. Thus, in order to understand Victor Hugo's author-position within the discursiveness of these two works, I found myself guided by the following research questions: What would be the discourses that would constitute the discursivity of The Last Day of a Condemned Man and Les Miserables capable of producing a legal-humanitarian interdiscursivity? Would Victor Hugo's author- position have found in his literary aesthetic project means for the organization of an ethical, moral and legal code that embraced Human Rights? How should we think the notion of authorship in both works when evoked as what we understand today as Human Rights? Thus, with these questions and the theoretical support mentioned, I aimed to study the legal- humanitarian discourse considering the theme of Human Rights from the literary works The Last Day of a Condemned Man and Les Miserables, by Victor Hugo. This in order to analyze the legal-humanitarian discourse in an interdiscursive perspective from the discursive sequences of the referred works. By the end of the analysis, I was able to conclude that there is, in the analyzed discursive sequences of both works, the organization of this ethical, legal, and moral code in defense of the inalienable Human Rights of the French people.