Da América Latina a Iguarán: representação da mulher enquanto metáfora da colônia na obra Cem anos de solidão.

Abstract

The objective proposed here is to analyze the character Úrsula Iguarán as a metaphor for the colony. The character is the matriarch of the main Buendía family lineage in the Latin American book One Hundred Years of Solitude, by the Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez such analysis seeks to think about the subordination of colonial women and what forms of subversion of this practice, breaking with colonial structures in the decolonization process. In order to analyze women in analogy to the colonial territory, we are guided by post-colonial theories, which will be of great importance for understanding the reflexes of colonization in Latin America and its inhabitants. Nevertheless, seeking to understand how the issue of gender is intrinsic to subalternization, we will rely on feminist theory which appears in line with post-colonial studies. In the meantime, we still relate to the first two theories proposed the subaltern studies. To carry out this research through the listed concepts, we highlight names such as Gayatri C. Spivak (2010) who talks about the subordination of Third World women and their situation of doubly colonized, a theory reinforced by Tomás Bonnici (2012), who is also part of our theoretical framework. Edward Said (2007), Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Stuart Hall (2009), contribute with fabrics on colonialism and post-colonialism, so that, given the other possibilities of reading a work, we are faced with the possibility of enriching our investigation. Helleieth Saffioti (2013), Maria Lugones (2020) and Silvia Federici (2017) are feminist theorists who analyze gender and violence. Simone Weil (2019), Ruggiero Romano (1995), Eduardo Galeano (1978), Maria Ligia Prado and Gabriella Pellegrino (2014), are other names that make up our analysis. The investigation proposed here showed that the female character, as a colonial woman, is metaphorically related to the image of the colony, under the yoke of the colonizer and that both did not accept imperialist patriarchal oppression without practices of resistance. This research seeks to contribute to post-colonial and feminist theories through the possibility of decolonization based on literature and as a duty of the geopolitically racialized researcher.