Viabilidades de restauração das fitofisionomias em paisagens fragmentadas na Bacia do Rio São Bento, sudeste goiano
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Data
2014-04-30
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The study has main theme the preservation and restoration of priority areas in the São Bento Basin in vegetation of the Brazilian interior in the Southeastern. The objective is to know how the spatial distribution in the remaining of the phytophysiognomies in the area of the watershed São Bento River. In addition, its relationships with other components of the landscape. Identifying priority areas/remaining for environmental conservation/restoration and it is possible to maintain biogeographic space exert its regional and local influences configuring the largest object of the research. For the realization of the research was adopted procedures that followed a sequence. Such as, theoretical research, field and laboratory, returning to the theoretical research for correlation with established methods, using the literature review, accompanied by fieldwork and analysis of satellite images for the recognition of the area and a gathering information related to priority areas, aiming the identification of the possible areas of biogeographic interest. Thus, the study addresses the vegetation of the Brazilian interior, one of the Biomes – biogeographic units – most important in Brazil, the second largest in extension, occupying 25% of the Brazilian territory, the second in diversity of species with 5% of the world’s flora and fauna an one third of Brazilian biota with approximately 2,2% of the Biome area legally protected. The landscaped aspects of vegetation of the Brazilian interior are described in order to understand the characterization of vegetation, soils, climate and relief. The lithologic aspects and geomorphology, not only of vegetation of the Brazilian interior, and more specifically of the São Bento area in Southeastern Goiano. Focus of the study that is located in part of Santo Antonio do Rio Verde District, belonging to Catalão (GO) City, and a part of Davinopólis City, being a fundamental subsystem in the balance of the regional ecosystem of vegetation of the Brazilian interior and São Bento River is the last affluent of this regional basin, not yet dammed. Well preserved until the 1960s, the landscapes of the basin has changed significantly from the 1970s. Since the conditions of the relief flattened, easy access to electricity, official programs to encourage agriculture and the abundant presence of water, allow an increase in agricultural production that provides access to a consumer market, supported by a road network, roads, and railways, ensuring the flow of production, mainly grains. Areas of Footpaths, sources of the tributaries of the São Bento River have been affected by anthropogenic activities – crops, pollution and flooding do not respect the laws in force, in which it is established that in these areas are Permanent Preservation Areas. The basin area of São Bento River was compartmentalized into three parts. In order to facilitate the understanding of different dynamics land uses, where the Low Course shows a rugged due to a natural demolishment, with uses of natural pastures and/or cultivated, being the most preserved area of Basin and the Middle Course is a transition between the Lower and Upper Course. It has a little bumpy relief, a least preserved local, because the flat areas are being transformed into plantations of intensive treatment. Upper Course is the area of the Basin where is the source of the São Bento River. As well, the largest areas of Footpaths, with a flat relief and plenty of water. The area is occupied by forestry crops, therewith Footpaths and Forests in the Galleries are being harmed a lot to obtain water. Against this situation, it should take action to ensure the protection of species and maintaining biodiversity on site according to the set options in the mappings presented in this research. In this case, the biogeographic corridors and priority conservation areas, which was marked the part of the Lower Course as a priority area for conservation. The Middle Course is only the area that indicates a preservation, as it is the link between the High and Low Courses and the maintenance of forests in Galleries Footpaths and for the viability of Biogeographic Corridors, for preservation of biome in the area, in a High Basin Route. The configuration of geo-environmental areas, in other words, the lithology conjugated with topographic flat proposal, climate and favorable soil is a determinant factor for agricultural expansion in the social region and the consequential environmental impacts.
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Cerrado, Bacia do Rio São Bento, Corredores biogeográficos, Sudeste Goiano, Cerrado, Basin São Bento River, Biogeographic corridors, Goiano southeastern
Citação
LIMA, P. Q. Viabilidades de restauração das fitofisionomias em paisagens fragmentadas na Bacia do Rio São Bento, sudeste goiano. 2014. 101 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Catalão, 2014.