Mestrado em Química - PPGQ

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Navegando Mestrado em Química - PPGQ por Assunto "Adsorvente"

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    Avaliação da fibra de coco (mesocarpo do fruto de Cocos nucifera L.) como adsorvente para remoção do agrotóxico parationa metílica de meio aquoso
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-04-07) Cardoso, Josiane Moreira; Freitas, Silvia de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4503172443143993; Freitas, Silvia de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4503172443143993; Alves, Vanessa Nunes; Coltro, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli
    In this work, experiments were performed to study the potential of coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera L.) as adsorbent for removing the pesticide parathion methyl from water. The analytical methodology used to quantify the pesticide in the adsorption studies was based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD). The method were validated and showed good analytical features in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy (recovery: 100.4%), precision (coefficient of variation: 9.63%;), limit of detection (0.003 mg L-1 ) and quantification (0.010 mg L-1 ). The matrix effect in pesticide quantification was evaluated and the results showed an enhanced chromatographic response for the parathion methyl in all the concentrations evaluated due to interference of endogenous coconut fiber compounds present in the solution after adsorption tests, therefore, the quantification was made using matrix-standard calibration solutions to compensate for matrix-induced effects and to obtain more accurate results. The adsorbent characterization (FTIR, MEV, surface area and pHpcz) showed that coconut fiber surface is composed of very irregular particles, with many cavities (pore diameter: 3.48 nm) and external surface area of 3.64 m2 g -1 . The presence of several functional groups: carboxylate, hydroxyl, carboxyl, among others was observed. The pH at point of zero charge (pHpcz) for the adsorbent was 5.85. The adsorption capacity of the coconut fiber was evaluated under different parameters: adsorbent treatment, adsorbent dosage, contact time and concentration of the pesticide. The adsorbent treatment with water, HCl or NaOH did not affect the adsorption capacity (75.6% of removal was obtained, independently of the treatment). The increasing in the adsorbent dosage of 5 to 20 g L-1 caused an increasing in the adsorption capacity from 25.0% to 76.6%. The adsorption equilibrium process was reached after 90 minutes of contact, with 86.1% of removal. The kinetic study showed that the Avrami kinetic model was the best fit for the experimental data. The adsorption capacity improved as function of the pesticide concentration increasing. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherm models and the best fit was obtained with Freundlich and Sips models. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) were 39.8547 mg g-1 . Additional tests showed that the adsorption capacity was slightly affected when using real samples (natural water) in the adsorption experiments (82.24% removal) and presented excellent adsorption capacity when used in an alternative column adsorption procedure (85.73% removal). The results indicate that the coconut fiber has a great potential to be used as adsorbent material for the treatment of water contaminated with the pesticide methyl parathion.
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    Desenvolvimento de um método de extração e pré-concentração em fluxo para determinação de cádmio em amostras de interesse alimentício utilizando a palha do café como adsorvente
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-29) Soares, Maria Dalva Americano; Carvalho, Dayene do Carmo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5513978376671756; Alves, Vanessa Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7058376443471599; Alves, Vanessa Nunes; Freitas, Silvia de Sousa; Coelho, Nívia Maria Melo
    The present work presents a study on the use of dry coffee straw and straw from sticky coffee, also known as "bark" of the coffee as adsorbent for metallic ions. Initially, the experiments were carried out in batch and the metal quantification before and after the adsorption experiments was done using Atomic Flame Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The adsorption of the ions Cd (II), was evaluated and the results indicated that the coffee straw dried in natura, presented an outstanding performance. The optimization parameters studied in the adsorption of the corresponding ion were the pH of the solution and time of contact, presenting the maximum adsorption occurrence in the pH value between 5 to 9 and better contact time starting from 60 minutes. The physical-chemical characterization of the material was done through the use of Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Dispersive Energy Analysis, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, EDX Elemental Analysis and the zero load point determination. The adsorption kinetics best fit the pseudo-second order model and the adsorption isotherms developed with the objective of determining the maximum adsorptive capacity showed a better fit to the Langmuir model. From data obtained in the batch experiments, the dry coffee straw was used in the development of a solid phase extraction method for adsorption of cadmium. In order to evaluate the chemical and flow variables that possibly influence the system, the multivariate method was used. The variables studied were adsorbent mass, eluent concentration, eluent volume and pre-concentration flow, through a factorial design 24, indicating the eluent volume and pre-concentration flow as the significant variables, which were studied later by means of Doehlert planning. Thus, the best conditions for flow system operation were: adsorbent mass 25 mg, (HCl) eluent concentration 1.0 mol L-1, eluent volume 250 μL and pre-concentration flow 2.0 mL min-1. For the purpose of analyzing the selectivity of the method, a study of the possible interferences was done, based on the calculation of the interference factor (IF). The Cu+2, Fe+2, Mn+2, Zn+2, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+1, K+1, Cr+3 ions were analyzed in different proportions. The pre-concentration factor was calculated as being equal to 20.4; Limit of detection (LD) 7,86 μg L-1, Limit of quantification (LQ) 26,20 μg L-1, precision (DPR) 0,11, linear range between 26,20 - 2000 μg L-1. The accuracy of the method was tested through the analysis of the certified water reference material (APS - 1071).The recovery tests were carried out on samples of cashew, pineapple, orange and guava juices, and the values found were ranged from 100,72 to 109,7%. The method developed was satisfactory for pre-concentration of Cd (II) ions, for the simplicity, efficiency, low cost. Also, the used adsorbent can be easily found in nature and it can be reused.