Avaliação e desenvolvimento de um método para extração seletiva de cromo utilizando a luffa cylindrica como bioadsorvente
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Data
2016-04-20
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
This work describes the development of a method in solid phase extraction for Cr (III) determination in food and environmental samples using Luffa cylindrica as bioadsorbent. In the first chapter, a characterization study to evaluate the use of Luffa cylindrica "in natura" as bioadsorbent for chromium ions (III and VI) adsorption in aqueous systems was conducted. Through characterization, specifically in relation to the determination of pH(PCZ), it became clear that the material has positively charged surface in solutions with pH below 6.0 and above this value, the surface is negatively charged. From this evidence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pH solution on the chromium inorganic species adsorption has been noted that from pH = 4.0 it is possible to separate the chromium species (III and VI) and trivalent species exclusively adsorbed. Thus, we conducted several characterization tests such as Infrared Spectroscopy, X-rays Diffraction by the powder method, Elemental Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of Luffa cylindrica. The results of the kinetic study and the adsorption isotherms showed that the chromium III ions adsorption of Luffa cylindrica possibly occurs through an interaction of the chemical type. Furthermore, the parameters as stirring time and adsorbent mass were evaluated to obtain the best conditions of the adsorption process. Quantification of chromium before and after the adsorption process was performed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. From the results, it was observed that requires 30 minutes to achieve sorption equilibrium and adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order. Study of possible interferences Ba2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions were performed in order to observe the selectivity of the material relative to the analyte of interest. The second chapter was developed a flow method of solid phase extraction for selective extraction and determination of Cr (III) ions in food and environmental samples. Multivariate
techniques were used to evaluate the chemical variables and extraction flow system: adsorbent mass, separation flow rate, concentration and volume of eluent, through a 24factorial design. The results showed that the adsorbent mass and eluent volume was significantly influence in the flow system and has been used for optimization a Doehlert design of these variables indicating optimal values as 170 mg of adsorbent mass and 1348μL eluent (HNO3 1 mol L-1). The other variables, separation flow rate and eluent concentration were maintained at the values 2 mL min-1 and 1 mol L-1, respectively. The possible presence of interfering ions, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cr6+ was studied in order to verify the selectivity of the analysis method. Through the calculated values for the interfering factor (IF) was determined good selectivity of the proposed method. The analytical performance was evaluated by the parameters, detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ), accuracy (D.P.R) and the values were 19.2 ug L-1; 63.99 ug L-1 and 0.19%, respectively, with the linear range of the method equal to 63.90 to 2000 ug L-1. Finally, the accuracy of the method was evaluated from analysis of water certificate reference material (APS-1071) and sediment (APS-1066). Recovery tests were performed on samples of water, energy and isotonic values having been found in the range from 87.60 to 107.35%. Keywords:Chromium, Luffa cylindrica, solid phase extraction.
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Cromo, Luffa cylindrica, Extração em fase sólida, Chromium, Luffa cylindrica, Solid phase extraction
Citação
SOUSA NETO, J. A. Avaliação e desenvolvimento de um método para extração seletiva de cromo utilizando a luffa cylindrica como bioadsorvente. 2016. 93 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Catalão, 2016.